Corporal Punishment An Unnecessary Tool in Education Essays

Corporal Punishment: An Unnecessary Tool in Education An emergency room physician sees the welts and deep purple bruises of the thighs and buttocks of a twelve-year-old and does what he must do under the law: he reports a possible case of child abuse. The county social worker arrives and finds that the injuries did not occur at home but were the result of a spanking administered earlier in the day by a teacher who had used a wooden paddle. The boy had misbehaved in a gym class. The social worker told the boy’s father that if he had beaten his son, he would probably be in jail. The teachers abuse is protected by the law. (qtd in Wekesser 66) The use of corporal punishment in schools is legal in 23 states in America, and at†¦show more content†¦in Finkelhor and Turner 155). Many people promote the use of corporal punishment in the classroom because they feel that the method of punishment is appropriate, effective, and legal. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of corporal punishment in school does not go agains t the eighth amendment in the constitution, which protects against cruel and unusual punishment (Evans and Richardson 34). However, other states and organizations have recognized the harmful effects of corporal punishment and have banned the use of corporal punishment in the classroom. The product of violence from victims of corporal punishment is a highly influential factor that helps to explain why this method of punishment should be banned in any education system. Teachers who use corporal punishment in their classrooms are in fact teaching a powerful lesson. In other words, corporal punishment is giving students the wrong message. The lesson being taught is that problems can be solved with the use of violence. For example, David Benatar, philosophy professor at the University of Cape Town, acknowledges the lesson learned, that if the student encounters someone that he or she dislikes, it is all right to cause that person pain. Children are very observant and tend to learn from modeling. Therefore, the teacher who practices violence in the classroom to correct a problem is onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Spanking Issue: the Ethical Dilemma of Corporal Punishment1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe Spanking Issue: The Ethical Dilemma of Corporal Punishment This issue of corporal punishment is a current issue that many people have on their minds. The issue strikes an emotional chord for many whom were or were not punished by spanking during their own childhoods. The issue generally focuses on the effect that spanking or other discipline methods will have on children. I will specifically be exploring the question: is it ever appropriate to spank a child? The cases for and against the spankingRead MoreSSD2 Module 2 Notes Essay23331 Words   |  94 Pagesgrade for officers and noncommissioned officers. All sergeants were to be distinguished by a red epaulette or a strip of red cloth sewn on the right shoulder and corporals by a green epaulette or strip. Epaulettes continued to distinguish NCOs for years to come. In 1779, Washington authorized sergeants to wear two silk epaulettes, and corporals would wear one from worsted (a smooth compact yarn from long wool fibers used especially for firm napless fabrics) on the right shoulder. White e paulettes designatedRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION CHIVAS GOCELA DULGUIME, R.C I. INTRODUCTION PENOLOGY - the study of punishment of crime. - a branch of Criminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology dealsRead MoreEssay about Discipline and the Effects on the Unit5035 Words   |  21 Pagesa writer. 3. punishment inflicted by way of correction and training. 4. the rigor or training effect of experience, adversity, etc.: the harsh discipline of poverty. 5. behavior in accord with rules of conduct; behavior and order maintained by training and control: good discipline in an army. 6. a set or system of rules and regulations. 7. Ecclesiastical . the system of government regulating the practice of a church as distinguished from its doctrine. 8. an instrument of punishment, esp. a whip orRead MorePolitical Violence in Africa8046 Words   |  32 PagesAmong the most recent human rights violations in Africa are the following, according to Human Rights Watch, which has issued the following calls to end specific acts of human rights abuses: The Angolan government should immediately end its use of unnecessary force against peaceful anti-government protesters, human rights activists, journalists, and opposition politicians. Ensuring that people can exercise their basic rights to freedom of association, expression, and peaceful assembly, and prosecutingRead MoreEnlightment of Education in Pygmalion and Educating Rita9449 Words   |  38 Pagesfrom | | |the Middle class or the Working Class. Thus, they were never short of money. In terms | | |of education also those belonging to the rich families got the best tutors to provide | | |education. The fact that they represented the royal class gave these people an | | |advantage at everything. They could buy expensive clothes importedRead MoreIkea at a Glance26682 Words   |  107 Pagescustomers and coworkers, and will introduce The â€Å"Never Ending List† internally as well as in the IKEA catalogue, IKEA stores, IKEA Family Live Magazine and on www.ikea.com at the start of FY10. All IKEA co-workers will also have access to an e-learning tool as of FY10 to learn the basics of what IKEA is doing to become more sustainable, and how each and everyone can contribute. IKEA sees taking responsibility for people and the environment as a condition for doing good business. We want sustainabilityRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 PagesNola Purdie and Ron Chalmers both kindly agreed to the inclusion of their doctoral research proposals as exemplars in this book, and I am grateful for that. As before, too, I would welcome feedback on this book. Keith F Punch Graduate School of Education The University of Western Australia NEDLANDS WA 6907 Email: kpunch@ecel.uwa.edu.au Fax: + 61 8 9380 1052 previous page page_x next page Page 1 1 Introduction CONTENTS 1.1 Research proposals – purpose and use of this book 1.2 BackgroundRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 PagesTable Of Content Army Programs ........................................ 4 ASAP - Army Substance Abuse Program ..................... 29 ACS - Army Community Service ........................... 32 ACES - Army Continuing Education Center ................... 34 AER - Army Emergency Relief ............................ 37 Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program ........... 40 EO - Equal Opportunity ................................ 44 AFAP - Army Family Action Plan .........................Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand limiting information in order to further profit from their position at the nexus of opportunities. Studies of aggregate nation-to-nation movements can be quite successful at explaining the ebbs and flows of large streams, but they provide few tools to understand the mechanisms of migration. For example, one village may have had a population so devoted to emigration that even the fields were left barren or leased to outsiders, while another village a few kilometers down the road with almost

Buffalo Restoration Debate Essay - 1716 Words

Buffalo Restoration Debate Restoration of the Bison is something that has been going on for the past two decades. As a matter of fact, several Native American tribes have come together to form the Inter Tribal Bison Cooperative (ITBC) which has been set out to bring bison back onto the American plains in the midwest. Bison have an intimate relationship in the traditions and rituals of Native Americans. The importance of bison within the culture has made bringing back the bison an important issue in the preservation of wildlife. However, some of the arguments made by the ITBC show that the bisons economic value should be the main factor why they should be brought back. Yet others involved in this cause suggest that buffalo restoration†¦show more content†¦One of the basic arguments for the restoration of bison back onto the prairies involves the economic benefits. Five of the nations ten poorest counties are located on Indian reservations (Manning, WWW). With decreasing beef prices and increasing land values, the margin of profit continues to narrow. A majority of the cattle industry that once was present in the midwest have sought greener pastures east in states such as Florida, Tennessee, and Kentucky (Popper, D). Another possible opponent, the Forest Service also no longer seems to focus on maximizing their timber yields in the midwest, but rather in northern California, Oregon, and Washington (Popper, D). Bison offer a plausible solution due to their low cost (about half as much as cattle). Bison are also better adapted to the environment and produce the same amount of meat which is higher in protein, lower in cholesterol and fat, compared to cattle. In terms of land usage, bison graze and then move while cattle remain where they are thus damaging the soil. Bison also eat a greater variety of grasses, something which lacks with cattle. A proposal made by conservationists suggest that, Ranchers can easily switch to buffalo and sell hunting rights, meats, hides, horns, and skul ls at healthy prices (Popper DE, 1994). Care of bison is also simple because unlike cattle, bison can withstand plains winters. Land value also increases when it offers gameShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Buffalo Common Metaphor858 Words   |  4 PagesA Buffalo Common Metaphor Over the past few decades the High Plains have consistently been losing its population. So, in 1987 Doctors Frank and Deborah Popper introduced the idea of Buffalo Commons. They described this project as â€Å"A combination of literary metaphor, public-policy proposal, futurist prediction and ecological restoration project† (The Buffalo Commons: Its Antecedents). The essential focus of this project was to replace the ever decrease population by returning buffalo back to theRead MoreFrank Lloyd Wright s Style Of Architecture967 Words   |  4 PagesIt s well known that Frank Lloyd Wright was an outstanding architect but it s been in debate why exactly the perfect place for Wright to create next level architecture was Buffalo and how did it influence the city. Architecture during the 1900s was very unique in a way that it didn t matter that it was so unique because Frank Lloyd Wright created his own architecture, organic architecture. Although Buffalo was mostly vast land and lots of nature, Wright sought around this nature and used it asRead MoreThe Kyoto Protocol and The Green Movement2768 Words   |  12 Pagesmechanism stimulates sustainable development and emission reductions, while giving industrialized countries some flexibility in how they meet their emission reduction or limitation targets. Since the Kyoto Protocol was enacted there have been debates between countries and within the United States based on emission regulation. The United States and China have had their own arguments concerning the Kyoto protocol. Within The United States the Clinton administration was silent and the Bush administrationRead More Citizenship and The French Revolution Essay7066 Words   |  29 Pagesof the Jews. Representing the interests of the Catholic Church, he took an extreme position and argued against citizenship for all non-Catholics in his â€Å"Opinion on the Admissibility of Jews to Full Civil and Political Rights.† The majority of the debates in the National Assembly were not even about civic equality, since few disagreed that all restrictions on Jewish commerce, residence, education, trades, and professions would be abolished. Rather, the discussion centered around the eligibility ofRead More Value of Biodiversity and the Preservation of Species Essay4534 Words   |  19 Pageshabitat. So far, scientists lack the type of knowledge needed to adequately place a monetary value on the life of species and do not fully understand the benefits received from services currently provided by the ecosy stem. As always, there is a debate whether value could ever be placed on the variety of species existing in the world. One difficulty with placing a value on individual species is that ecosystems are always changing. As the abiotic environment of a species changes, so does its behaviorRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 PagesPlantation in Plymouth, Massachusetts, a reconstruction of the Pilgrim colony as it appeared in 1627; Conner Prairie in Fishers, Indiana, which recreates a 19th-century central Indiana rural settlement; and Old Salem in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, a restoration of an 18th-century Moravian community. Many  history  museums  are devoted to particular themes, periods, or groups of people. The Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, one of the nation’s most visited museums, has the largest collection inRead MoreGender Pay Gap14271 Words   |  58 Pages Supreme Court overturned the verdict in 2007 for filing her complaint too late. (AFP/Getty Images/Fannie Carrier) | More than four decades after Congress passed landmark anti-discrimination legislation — including the Equal Pay Act of 1963 — a debate continues to rage over whether women are paid fairly in the workplace. Contending that gender bias contributes to a significant pay gap, reformists support proposed federal legislation aimed at bringing women s wages more closely in line with thoseRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pageswelfare evolved. 11 S.Rengasamy-History of Social Welfare / Social Work Poor Law Tradition Debate The Residual versus Institutional View of Social Welfare †¢ The debate between the residual and institutional views of social welfare has been in existence throughout history – it is as old as humankind. †¢ The debate will continue. †¢ There is probably no right or wrong answer to the debate – both sides have their positive aspects. †¢ Intelligent people, people of good intent can and do differRead MoreKenyan Tourism Industry11160 Words   |  45 Pagesmimic noncaptive habitat could too qualify as ecotourism. There is more debate on inclusion of more cultural element in ecotourism and more recently inclusion of indigenous ecotourism wherein its argued that centuries of co-existence between indigenous people and their surrounding have profound blurred the boundaries between the natural environment and culture ( Hinch, 1998, 2001; Nepal, 2004; Zeppel, 2006). There has also been debate on inclusion of whale watching (Curtin, 2003; Hoyt 6 HvenegaardRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pageshis specific individual needs, and it’s not like ‘Oh, we’ve got just the program for this young man. We’ll send him here or we’ll send him there.’ That’s not going to work,† said Charles Ewing, a psychologist and law professor at the University at Buffalo Law School. Prosecutors in the case in the small community of St. Johns are conflicted. They say in court documents that the juvenile system is ill-equipped to handle the third-grade boy. It’s not their desire, they say, to â€Å"persecute† a child who

Understanding Filipino Psychology free essay sample

Understanding Filipino A Thought Paper What is Filipino Psychology? According to Enriquez, Filipino Psychology is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective. As I understood through our readings, Filipino Psychology for me is the behavior, thoughts, experiences and nature of the Filipino people from their own perspective. I have discovered that methods in defining and measuring Filipino psychology have been derived from Western methods and others maybe because of our shared history with the different cultures that have been brought to us during our country’s colonization. Thus, we do not have our very own distinct culture, different from others. Culture. For me, it refers to the practices and traditions that have been handed down from generation to generation. Cultural values that are very Filipino in nature such as â€Å" Bahala Na †, â€Å" Utang na Loob †, â€Å" Hiya †, â€Å" Palusot â€Å" and â€Å" Pakikipagkapwa † are very known to all of us and might be even practiced by some of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Filipino Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept of â€Å" Bahala Na † or the attitude of resigning and withdrawing from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from a personal responsibility, and â€Å" Palusot † or making excuses and loopholes from doing a certain responsibility assigned and designated for you are some of the examples of the negative cultural values of the Filipinos. However, the concept of â€Å"Utang Na Loob † may be either positive or negative. Since we all know that culture is dynamic and it changes from time to time, we are now in the age of global technology where typewriters were overshadowed by computers and laptops, where snail mail evolved to electronic mails and cellular phones are very much in demand and is now considered a NEED. Filipino culture is no exception. Filipino culture have indeed have changed through time. The Philippines is now the text capital of the world because we are the country that sends the most number of text messages per day. Gadgets have been considered a necessity and not anymore a luxury that only the well-off could buy. Even those who barely manage to eat three meals a day have mp3 players and i-pods and cellular phones with cameras. The Philippines have not changed. Our country is still located in Asia. Our country still has 7,107 islands, 3 main islands Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. But, the Filipinos have indeed changed. Our culture and traditions are slowly being forgotten by us. Globalization and technology advancements have started to cloud our minds into preserving our traditions, â€Å" ang sariling atin † as we say it.

Secret River Essay Essay Example

Secret River Essay Essay The importance of a person’s relationship with the ‘world’ in determining their sense of ‘identity’ . is explored through an individual’s conflicting familial relationship. which plays a important function in determining their sense of individuality. The thought of a conflicting familial relationship is shown in both Kate Grenville’s novel ‘The Secret River’ and in Robert Lowell’s verse form. ‘The Dolphin. ’ These texts. conveys in item the ill will between familial relationships. These texts besides express similar id3eas but in different ways: in ‘the secret river’ . a inmate struggles to implement his authorization. at the cost of the relationship with his married woman. whereas in ‘the dolphin’ a frenzied depressive poet feels inferior in his conflicting relationship with his former married woman. Elizabeth Hardwick. We will write a custom essay sample on Secret River Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Secret River Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Secret River Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In ‘The Secret River. ’ the physical and verbal separation between William Thornhill and his married woman Sal creates a conflicting familial relationship. ‘The deficiency of communicating between Thornhill A ; Sal. generates farther division between each other as Sal ‘gave no mark that she had heard’ him spoke. The usage of symbolism â€Å"Thornhill worked beside her but she seemed to be doing certain there were ever a few workss between them. † indicates the differentiation between Thornhill A ; Sal. every bit good as foregrounding a deficiency of familiarity and communicating between each other. This deficiency of familiarity shows the importance of a person’s physical relationship with the universe around them in determining their sense of individuality. Unlike Thornhill’s deficiency of familiarity which causes a conflicting familial relationship. Lowell’s verse form shows the individual’s conflicting familial relationship as a consequence from the revocation of his relationship with Elizabeth Hardwick. This is apparent in the metaphorical word picture of â€Å"a prisoner as Racine. † This metaphorical comparing to Racine. who’s an 18th century dramatist. foreground the many similarities between Lowell and Racine. Racine. famously known for his ‘concept of love’ centralises. how his tragic characters are cognizant of the ‘conflict’ . complications yet they do nil to decide it. This is besides similar to ‘The Secret River’ where Thornhill is cognizant of his picks. but decides to disregard Sal’s proposal of traveling back ‘Home’ in England. therefore making farther tenseness and division between his household. in-particular with Sal. Furthermore Lowell feels confined and conflicted which is caused by his married woman. This therefore shows the importance of a person’s psychological relationship with the universe around them in determining their sense of individuality. Grenville efficaciously conveys an individual’s conflicting familial relationship. which portrays a important function in determining their sense of individuality in the minute where Thornhill is about to strike Sal. The usage of accretion. â€Å"He saw that she did non recognize him. Some violent adult male was drawing at her. shouting at her. the alien within the bosom of her hubby. † efficaciously highlights the alteration of his individuality. Thornhill’s combatant desire to assail Sal physically affects the relationship with Sal. which forms a deeper rift in their conflicting relationship. Thornhill besides inquiries himself. â€Å"What expletive had come down on his life. that he was full of fury at his ain Sal? † This effectual usage of rhetorical oppugning shows Thornhill confirming his subconsciousness of this destructive and combative individuality. As a consequence. the compelling usage of these literary devices highlights the importance of a pe rson’s physical and psychological relationship with the universe around them in determining their sense of individuality. Similar to Grenville. Lowell besides conveys the conflictive and destructive sense of ego with his familial relationship. which plays a important function in determining his sense of individuality. Lowell utilises the usage of repeat. â€Å"not avoiding hurt to others. non avoiding hurt to myself–† efficaciously shows the bellicoseness and volatility Lowell expresses to himself and to his former partner. This usage of repeat besides signifies the subordinating position he feels in this relationship. The quotation mark. ‘caught in its hangman’s-knot and sinking lines. ‘ is a ocular illustration of how Lowell feels. being trapped and inferior. which consequences in physical force to asseverate his conflicted individuality. Furthermore. this shows the importance of a person’s psychological relationship with the universe around them in determining his sense of individuality. Additionally. Grenville communicates the thought of an individual’s conflicting familial relationship through societal interaction. Grenville efficaciously uses the literary device of duologue. â€Å"Get rid of the inkinesss and she’ll stay. Will. † every bit good as â€Å"Nobody won’t neer know. I swear. he said. â€Å"Not our married womans even. Not anyone other than us. And we ain’t stating. † to joint the pending pinnacle determination made by Thornhill to disregard Sal’s pleads which accordingly increases the struggle between Thornhill and Sal. The metaphor â€Å"But it seemed there was no manner to talk into that soundless topographic point. Their lives had easy grown around it. the manner roots of a river-fig grew around a stone. † farther indicates the deficiency of familiarity and communicating between Thornhill and Sal as they’re unable to talk into that soundless topographic point. hence foregrounding the imp ortance of a person’s relationship with the universe around them in determining his sense of individuality. Synonymous to Grenville. Lowell besides highlights the thought of an individual’s conflicting familial relationship through societal interaction. Lowell uses nonliteral linguistic communication. â€Å"I have sat and listened to excessively many words of the collaborating Muse. and plotted possibly excessively freely with my life. † to efficaciously demo the conflicting familial relationship. The usage of nonliteral linguistic communication high spots that Lowell has taken advice from household and friends which has later lead Lowell’s life of misdirection and indecisiveness. This therefore highlights the importance of a person’s relationship with the universe around them in determining his sense of individuality. In decision. it is apparent for both Grenville and Lowell that the composers have employed a assortment of literary devices to foreground the importance of a person’s relationship with the universe around them in determining their sense of individuality. Bibliography hypertext transfer protocol: //xserve. allsaintscasula. Catholic. edu. au/groups/mrsdeli_yr11advancedenglish/weblog/8b4ee/Part_Six_The_Secret_River. html hypertext transfer protocol: //listverse. com/2007/08/28/top-10-american-poems-of-the-20th-century/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. poemhunter. com/robert-lowell/biography/

Critical Analysis on the Context of Multi-agency Team Work Essay Example

Critical Analysis on the Context of Multi Critical Analysis on the Context of Multi-agency Team Work Paper Critical Analysis on the Context of Multi-agency Team Work Paper This essay will focus upon a critical incident analysis in the context of multi-agency team work and inter-professional working. The details of the incident will be drawn from the authors recent experience with the Community Housing Support Team, in particular from Care Programme Approach meetings. The names of both clients and staff, as well as details pertaining to their locale have been changed or omitted to comply with the UKCC’s Code of Professional Conduct, Clause 10, (UKCC, 1992). The situation used within this assignment is based upon two clients who co-habit in a first floor maisonette as common law husband and wife. Mr Client has a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia which is controlled with xenobiotics and is the main carer for Mrs Client who has a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia also controlled by xenobiotics that are administered by Mr Client. Mrs Client also has a prolapse of the uterus which causes her to suffer from double incontinence. Arrangements have been made for Mrs Client to have the required operation to repair the problem, however prior to admission Mrs Client becomes very anxious and has twice refused to have the operation. Both clients have a poor dietary intake, poor personal hygiene, high caffeine intake, and a heavy smoking habit. The conditions that the clients are now living in due to the above being ongoing for some time are now less than satisfactory, and to that end the present situation and what should be done about it, has become the primary focus of the various professionals and agencies involved in care of the clients. Each client has their own keyworker representative from the agencies and professionals involved in their care, these are a community psychiatric nurse (CPN), social worker, and a member of the housing support team (HST). Both the clients have home care workers visiting as part of the social work input, and they also share the same general practitioner (GP), and psychiatric consultant. Housing support team input was on a daily basis with both clients and their role was to assist the clients with shopping and encourage the clients to use leisure facilities and local transport. The housing support team although referred to separately within this essay are officially part of the social work team, as this is the source of their funding. The social work keyworkers roles were to visit the clients on a regular basis and to assist with benefits, finances etc, as well as assisting the clients in conjunction with the rest of the care team if a crisis arose. The social work department had also arranged for home help to visit on a regular basis to assist with housework and hygiene. The clients community psychiatric nurse’s role was to monitor medication and mental state. These are the defined roles as the author understands them, however the care team as a whole interchanges, shares, or crosses over roles as a matter of course throughout the care deployment. In order to properly analyse the inter-professional working of the clients care team, it is important to collate the differing aims of each profession involved. Mr and Mrs Client’s keyworkers from the housing support team were of the opinion that the client’s accommodation had reached the stage where it was posing a health risk for both the clients and other residents in the building. Because the housing support team had daily input with both clients they were also able to pick up on various other aspects of care that appeared to require revaluation, such as medication and mental state, and had encountered such an issue with Mr Client giving Mrs Client the incorrect dosage of medication. Taking into account the issues raised the housing support team felt that they were maintaining a poor quality of life for the clients, and that alternative sheltered accommodation, and care approach should be discussed as this was unacceptable. The social work keyworkers in addition to their normal visits had arrangements for further visits outside of the care plan agreement as there was a recognised need for more intense support at this time. It was felt that placement in a nursing home as a couple with continuing input from the housing support team and community psychiatric nurse, would improve the clients quality of life. The clients general practitioner and consultant had made a referral to residential services. Both clients community psychiatric nurse felt that the clients mental state did not warrant an admission into hospital, however further arrangements should be made regarding medication and accommodation. These various agencies and professionals come together, in this case every six months, to partake in a care programme approach meeting (CPA). The care programme approach was first considered in nineteen eighty-nine then again in nineteen ninety in a Department of Health circular, before being implemented in nineteen ninety-one as an official guideline. However inter-collaborative working has been an aim of government policy in mental health services since the nineteen seventies, (COUCHMAN, 1995). Its target group being psychiatric clients in hospital, community or other specialised mental health service. The aim of the guidelines were to encourage greater efficiency and co-operation between the various agencies and professionals involved in the care of a client or clients. This was to be done by systematically assessing all the clients needs and the agency or profession that could best meet those needs, the appointment of a keyworker from one of the agencies or professions involved, to reach agreement between the carers involved and the client, and then to implement, monitor and set regular review dates, (COWART SEROW, 1992), In addition to the care plan approach meetings there is almost daily interaction between the agencies and professions involved. In addition to this there are meetings within each individual agency or profession, usually on a weekly basis, concerning the most appropriate delivery of care within the role of the individual agency or profession. The diagram in Appendix A shows the ways that clients enter the psychiatric services, and where inter-professional collaboration happens, it also shows that this care team is a hybrid parallel pathway team. Efficient inter-professional collaboration exists only where there is good group dynamics and working relationships, both within the care team and within the government who’s laws and guidelines that care team follows. However when reviewing the history of British social policy it is easy to become pessimistic, Webb, (1991) points out, â€Å"exhortations to organisations, professionals and other producer interests to work together more closely and effectively litter the policy landscape, yet the reality is all to often a jumble of services fractionalised by professional, cultural and organisational boundaries and by tiers of governance†. In order to overcome these problems they must first be identified and then strategies devised to overcome them. Whilst in the community with the housing support team the author observed that the main problem or cause of problems was communication, whilst ironically, most if not all of the problems encountered could have been avoided or solved more efficiently with effective communication. However the author feels this may be viewed by many as an over-generalisation, and so will break this down further into some of the ‘sub’ problems. A key difficulty is that working together appears to be the logical way forward, yet it is the authors experience that little consideration is given to the effects of such an activity, (CARLING, 1995). From an agencies or professions point of view collaborative activity raises two main difficulties first it looses its freedom to act independently when it would prefer to maintain control over its domain and affairs. Second, it must invest scarce resources and energy in developing and maintaining relationships with other organisations, when the potential returns on its investment are often unclear or intangible, (HUDSON, 1987). The main sources of conflict within an organisation and inter-professional collaboration are communication, power, goals, values, resources, roles and personalities. As mentioned previous a major source of conflict is the misunderstanding or breakdown of communication. However communication can also be used as a tool for clarifying opposing views. It is the authors observation that most values within an organisation are internalised and are therefore difficult to change, but they can be clarified through communication so as not to become a barrier. This kind of logic is a skill that can only be learnt through the application of common sense and the wisdom of experience, (BILLIS HARRIS, 1996). Conflict situations often arise suddenly, the author has observed that the more people that attend a meeting or that are involved in a decision regarding care organisation the more potential there is for conflict to occur. Power causes conflict when there are relationships within organisations between individuals of unequal power, the classic example being the doctor/patient relationship, or the nurse and the consultant. This can cause additional conflict where there are differently structured organisations working together as the power differences between individuals then become unclear. For example the power relationship between the community psychiatric nurse and the social worker. Another common cause of conflict is different goals, different methods of reaching those goals, different values, unclear or overlapping designation of responsibilities, lack of information and personality conflicts. It is acknowledged within health care that some conflicts can not be resolved, Mallory, (1981) states that unresolved conflicts need to be managed carefully within any work group in order to balance the level of conflict. Banton, (1985) remarks that the essential point is that conflicts of interest are of fundamental importance in all major areas of life in our society and therefore full consensus is only possible when people are prepared to restrict themselves to the trivial. Conflict in an open environment can be beneficial to the work environment as when handled in a mature and professional manner conflict can lead to creativity, innovation or growth, however if to much energy is expended in non productive activity then conflict becomes destructive. It is the authors opinion that conflict is an inherent part of the nursing and general health care culture, and that psychiatric nurses in the community are prime candidates for this because of the need to work collaboratively with people both professional and non professional of varying social, ethnic and educational backgrounds. Collaboration suggests that the combined power of the agencies or professions is distributed evenly, yet nurses are employed in a hierarchical system. Huber, (1996) suggests that nurses find that working in groups creates a situation in which there are a number of different colleagues and a variety of client types and different personalities to work with, these are complex interrelationships, and added to that complexity is the fact that there are multiple providers requiring co-ordination and communication to manage the care for any client. Within healthcare as a whole there is an interdependence between its members. The multi-disciplinary team breaks down into multiple care providers each relying on the other to carry out a portion of the work. For example a member of the housing support team can not monitor a clients medication if the clients community nurse has not organised the Doset box from the pharmacy. The source of conflict can be organisational, interpersonal or a combination of both. Personal and organisational goals and values may also be in conflict with or over general policies, a general policy being the course of action taken by an institution, department or unit. Policies in the main are meant to soothe conflicts over specific issues, they are designed to give about standard ways to make decisions in recurring situations. However different people within the care team may approach situations with differing viewpoints on how to best deal with certain issues, differences may occur over such things a clerical or managerial routines, or over record keeping and information sharing. Clashes may result at the intersection of a nurses professional judgement as an autonomous professional with standardised policies developed by the institution and designed to produce uniform behaviour, (AJN, 1987). Resource allocation comes under organisation issues and is especially important in the case of Mr and Mrs Client as the general consensus is that sheltered accommodation of some description is required, which inevitably will require funding. Budgeting has caused conflict over scarce resources within organisations. In the case of Mr and Mrs Client the funding for the accommodation should come from the social services department. Power conflicts can be both organisational and interpersonal and result in role conflicts. Role conflicts have been identified as being of two types, role overload and role ambiguity. Role overload is when a carer is expected to perform the work of other employees or disciplines in addition to providing their normal care tasks. Whereas role ambiguity is when the role and responsibilities of the carer expands faster than is officially recognised, (JOHNSON, 1994). To assist in making interprofessional collaboration joint working recommendations such as those stated in Building Bridges, (1996) have been suggested these include commitment on all levels of care approach and delivery, to maintain a primary focus on the service users, jointly owned or shared strategies for care of people with severe mental health problems, agreed procedures for access to services, agreed procedure for information exchange, clarification of roles and responsibilities and regular reviewing of interprofessional dynamics. ?vretveit, (1997) states that UK policy in the nineteen nineties has asked the question, what is wrong with the service? Rather than what problems need tackling in the outside world. In future it should re-focus on how partnerships between the users of the service, professional workers and managers can be achieved, in other words how can we make an integrated service truly democratic? The solutions to nearly all the crisis encountered by the care team can be or could have been solved or at least minimised through the effective use of communication. It is felt that it would also be important in interprofessional collaboration to have shared values and cultures, while a mismatch along these lines between health and social services has been well documented. (SMITH, 1993). Collaboration is the basis for team building and with the changes to healthcare, work redesign, restructuring and reengineering depend on effective collaboration, co-operation and group accomplishment. Proactive conflict resolution in work groups is the essence of building successful teams which are flexible and adaptable, and have a high degree of trust and communication. Therefore the ingredients for successful interprofessional collaboration may be a common goal, interdependence, co-operation, co-ordination of activities, task specialisation and therefore role clarity, equal division of effort and mutual respect. Team building is defined as being the deliberate process of creating and unifying a group into an effective functioning work unit to accomplish specific goals, (FARLEY STONER, 1989). In conclusion, collaboration has been called the most effective strategy for managing conflict to achieve long term benefits. However a wide differential in power (both felt and actual), exists between nurses, social workers, and consultants, and this hinders effective collaboration. Therefore with wide differences in power the most commonly used techniques seem to be compromise and accommodation. There are indications however that this is changing as the health service as a whole is and has undergone some major changes with the implementation of the care plan approach, care management and the formation of community teams such as housing support and community support teams, and as a result effective interprofessional collaboration could soon become more commonplace. (BALDOCK, 1974). REFERENCES. AJN, (1987), Conflict Management. American Journal of Nursing, New York. BALDOCK. P, (1974), Community Work and Social Work. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. BANTON. R et al, (1985), The Politics of Mental Health. MacMillan Publishers LTD, University Press Oxford. BILLIS. D HARRIS. M, (1996), Voluntary Agencies. Challenges of Organisation and Management. MacMillan Publishers LTD, London. CARLING. P. J, (1995), Return to Community. Building Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities. The Guilford Press, London. COUCHMAN. A, (1995), Research and Evaluation Issues in Interprofessional Education. CAIPE, London. COWART. M. E SEROW. W. J, (1992), Nurses in the Workplace. Sage Publications, London. FARLEY. M STONER. M, (1989) The Nurse Executive and Interdisciplinary Team Building. Nursing Administration Quarterly. Volume 13, Number 2, Pages 24-30. HUBER. D, (1996), Leadership and Nursing Care Management. W. B. Saunders Company, USA. HUDSON. B, (1987), Collaboration in Social Welfare: A Framework for Analysis. Policy and Politics. Volume 19, Number 4, Page 243-256. JOHNSON. M, (1994), Conflict and Nursing Professionalization. Mosby, St Louis. ?VRETVEIT. J, MATHIAS. P, THOMPSON. T, (eds), (1997), Interprofessional Working for Health and Social Care. MacMillan Publishers LTD, Hong Kong. SMITH. R et al, (1993), Working Together for Better Community Care. SAUS Publications, Bristol. UKCC, (1992), Code of Professional Conduct. Clause 10. 3rd Edition. United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Visiting, London. WEBB. A, (1991), Co-ordination, A Problem in Public Sector Management. Policy and Politics. Volume 19, Number 4, Page 229-242. BIBLIOGRAPHY. ROPER. N, LOGAN. W, TIERNEY. A. J, (1986). The Elements of Nursing. Churchill Livingstone, London. LYTTLE. J, (1994) Mental Disorder Its Care Treatment. Bailliere Tindall, London. SELIGMAN. M, (1991). Learned Optimism. New York.

The Complete List of IB Courses and Classes

The Complete List of IB Courses and Classes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What are all the IB courses available to take? Here's our complete list of all SL and HL classes. Every IB School is different, so your IB school may not offer all of the IB courses below. However, these are all of the classes that IB creates a curriculum and test for. There are 56 classes (counting HL and SL separately). I have categorized them by the subject categories that IB defines as the six subject groups. Table of Contents Group 1: Studies in language and literature Group 2: Language acquisition Group 3: Individuals and societies Group 4: Sciences Group 5: Mathematics Group 6: The arts To receive your IB Diploma, you must take from all 6 categories (except you can study an additional science, individuals and societies, or languages course, instead of a course in the arts). You must also complete what is known as the core, which includes one additional class: Theory of Knowledge / TOK I'll dive into more detail on each below: Group 1: Language and Literature Course Name IBO Description Personal Notes Available Online? HL, SL, or both Language A: literature The course introduces students to the analysis of literary texts. The course is automatically available in 55 languages and available by special request and may be studied in any language with a sufficiently developed written literature. N/A No HL and SL Language A: language and literature The language A: language and literature course introduces the critical study and interpretation of written and spoken texts from a wide range of literary and non literary genres. The formal analysis of texts is supplemented by awareness that meaning is not fixed but can change in respect to contexts of production and consumption. This course is available for study in 17 languages. N/A No HL and SL Literature and performance The literature and performance course aims to explore the relationship between literature and theatre. The main focus of the course is the interaction between the literary skills of close reading, critical writing and discussion and the practical, aesthetic and symbolic elements of performance. It is available in English, and by special request Spanish and French. N/A No SL only Group 2: Language Acquisition Course Name IBO Descriptions Personal Notes Available Online? HL, SL, or both Classical languages Latin or Classical Greek coursework provides opportunities for students to study the language, literature and culture of ancient Rome or Greece. N/A No HL and SL Language B Language B courses are foreign language courses intended for students who have had some previous experience of learning the language. They may be studied at either higher level or standard level. I took Language B SL (specifically Spanish B SL). After previously taking Spanish 5 years (beginning in 8th grade). I found the written exam very easy. There is also an oral presentation, which was more challenging. You present on a topic and are required to answer any questions that your teacher asks you regarding your presentation. I received a 7 in the class. Yes, Spanish B SL only HL and SL Language ab initio These courses are foreign language for beginners (that is, students who have little or no previous experience of learning the language they have chosen). These courses are only available at standard level. N/A Yes, Spanish ab initio, Mandarin ab initio, and French ab initio SL only Group 3: Individuals and Societies Course Name IBO Descriptions Personal Notes Available Online? HL, SL, or both Business management Business Management course is a rigorous and dynamic course that explores how business decision-making processes impact on internal and external environments. In turn, it will explore how decision-making processes themselves are affected by internal and external environments. N/A Yes, HL and SL HL and SL Economics The course emphasizes the economic theories of microeconomics, which deal with economic variables affecting individuals, firms and markets, and the economic theories of macroeconomics, which deal with economic variables affecting countries, governments and societies. These economic theories are not to be studied in a vacuum- rather, they are to be applied to real-world issues. Prominent among these issues are fluctuations in economic activity, international trade, economic development and environmental sustainability. N/A Yes, HL, SL, and one-year SL HL and SL Geography Geography takes advantage of its position to examine relevant concepts and ideas from a wide variety of disciplines. This helps students develop an appreciation of, and a respect for, alternative approaches, viewpoints and ideas. N/A No HL and SL Global Politics This is a relatively new class that was first available for testing in May 2017. The global politics course explores fundamental political concepts such as power, liberty and equality, in a range of contexts and at a variety of levels. It allows students to develop an understanding of the local, national, international and global dimensions of political activity, as well as allowing them the opportunity to explore political issues affecting their own lives. N/A No HL and SL History The Diploma Programme history course aims to promote an understanding of history as a discipline, including the nature and diversity of its sources, methods and interpretations. It also helps students to gain a better understanding of the present through critical reflection upon the past. It is hoped that many students who follow the course will become fascinated with the discipline, developing a lasting interest in it whether or not they continue to study it formally. There are two â€Å"routes†: you can either study the history of Europe and the Islamic world or 20th century world history. Most likely, your school will only offer you one option. I took History HL and covered the History of Europe (I think they adapted it since I took it to add in the Islamic World). I thoroughly enjoyed the course. I think I got a 6 on the exam. No HL and SL Information technology in a global society The ITGS framework is modeled on a ‘triangle’. It uses an integrated approach, encouraging students to make informed judgments and decisions about the role of information and communication technologies in contemporary society. N/A Yes, SL and HL HL and SL Philosophy Philosophy is a systematic critical inquiry into profound, fascinating and challenging questions such as: What is it to be human? Do we have free will? What do we mean when we say something is right or wrong? N/A Yes, SL only HL and SL Psychology The IB Diploma Programme psychology course is the systematic study of behavior and mental processes. I took Psychology SL in high school and loved the course. We learned about very interesting experiments. Yes, SL and HL HL and SL Social and cultural anthropology The IB Diploma Programme social and cultural anthropology course offers an opportunity for students to explore and understand humankind in all its diversity through the comparative study of culture and human societies. N/A No HL and SL World religions It is a systematic, analytical yet empathetic study of the variety of beliefs and practices encountered in nine main religions of the world. The course seeks to promote an awareness of religious issues in the contemporary world by requiring the study of a diverse range of religions. N/A No SL only Group 4: Science Course Name IBO Descriptions Personal Notes Available Online? HL, SL, or both Biology Biologists investigate the living world at all levels using many different approaches and techniques. At one end of the scale is the cell, its molecular construction and complex metabolic reactions. At the other end of the scale biologists investigate the interactions that make whole ecosystems function. I took SL and remember it being a pretty standard Biology class. It is probably very similar to AP Biology other than it requires more experimentation. No HL and SL Chemistry Chemistry is an experimental science that combines academic study with the acquisition of practical and investigational skills. N/A No HL and SL Computer Science The IB computer science course is a rigorous and practical problem-solving discipline. Computational thinking lies at the heart of the course and is integrated with other topics. This will be supported by practical activities including programming. N/A No HL and SL Design Technology DP design technology aims to develop internationally-minded people whose enhanced understanding of design and the technological world can facilitate our shared guardianship of the planet and create a better world. N/A No HL and SL Environmental systems and societies Through studying environmental systems and societies (ESS) students will be provided with a coherent perspective of the interrelationships between environmental systems and societies; one that enables them to adopt an informed personal response to the wide range of pressing environmental issues that they will inevitably come to face. N/A No SL only Physics Physics is the most fundamental of the experimental sciences, as it seeks to explain the universe itself from the very smallest particles to the vast distances between galaxies. I took Physics HL in high school. It was most definitely the most challenging course and exam I took. We covered very high level physics that many Physics students do not reach until their sophomore or even junior year of college. The experiments were very interesting, and the reports for each were very long. It required a lot of time. No HL and SL Sports, exercise and health science The SEHS course incorporates the disciplines of anatomy and physiology, biomechanics, psychology and nutrition, which are studied in the context of sport, exercise and health. N/A No SL only Group 5: Mathematics There are four math class options: Mathematical Studies SL (known as Math Studies) Mathematics SL Mathematics HL Further Mathematics HL The International Baccalaureate Organization does not do a good job distinguishing between the four courses, but from what I can gather, Mathematical studies SL is the lowest level of mathematics, then Mathematics SL, then Mathematics HL, then Further Mathematics HL. I took Mathematics HL. I found the class totally manageable, but the exam was much more difficult than I expected. This could have been because my class did not prepare me properly or maybe I did not study enough. Only Mathematics SL and Mathematics HL are available online. Group 6: Arts Course Name IBO Descriptions Personal Notes Available Online? HL, SL, or both Dance The course focuses on the composition, performance and analysis of dance, or â€Å"expressive movement,† which is practiced among peoples of various backgrounds, and for a variety of purposes, throughout the planet. N/A No HL and SL Film At the core of the IB film course lies a concern with clarity of understanding, critical thinking, reflective analysis, effective involvement and imaginative synthesis that is achieved through practical engagement in the art and craft of film. N/A Yes, SL only HL and SL Music Through the music course students develop their knowledge and potential as musicians, both personally and collaboratively. N/A No HL and SL Theatre The IB Diploma Programme theatre course is a multifaceted theatre-making course of study. It gives students the opportunity to make theatre as creators, designers, directors and performers. It emphasizes the importance of working both individually and collaboratively as part of an ensemble. It offers the opportunity to engage actively in the creative process, transforming ideas into action as inquisitive and productive artists. N/A No HL and SL Visual Arts The IB Diploma Programme visual arts course encourages students to challenge their own creative and cultural expectations and boundaries. It is a thought-provoking course in which students develop analytical skills in problem-solving and divergent thinking, while working towards technical proficiency and confidence as art-makers. In addition to exploring and comparing visual arts from different perspectives and in different contexts, students are expected to engage in, experiment with and critically reflect upon a wide range of contemporary practices and media. The course is designed for students who want to go on to study visual arts in higher education as well as for those who are seeking lifelong enrichment through visual arts. N/A No HL and SL Other IB Required Class Course Name IBO Descriptions Personal Notes Available Online? HL, SL, or both Theory of Knowledge (TOK) In this course, students reflect on the nature of knowledge and on how we know what we claim to know. I know that sounds very vague. This was one of my favorite courses in high school. It was a mix of philosophy and personal evaluation. It allowed me to reflect on what issues were important to me. Yes N/A What's Next? Are you hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes? Learn about the IB courses offered online. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT. Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Working Capital Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Working Capital Management - Essay Example The paper tells that working capital for any firm is defined as the amount of money or current assets required by an organization for its everyday running. Liquidity in a business ensures that it remains solvent and that all its operations can be successfully undertaken. Cash, therefore, is a crucial part of the survival of any business organization. For this reason, sound financial management policies are paramount to the success of any business. Working capital management also involves providing finances for investment in the short term assets that are essential for the day to day running of the organization. They include reserve for unexpected costs, pre paid costs like operating licenses and insurance policies. Cyclic or seasonal financial needs should also be met. A clear example is the excessive spending of credit card holders during festive seasons like Christmas, where the banks experience an increase in lending. Good financial management will ensure that the banks can give a s much money as possible. There is also a delicate balance between too much solvency and profit maximization of an institution. Citibank, the principal operating subsidiary of Citicorp are among the biggest financial institutions in the world. Citibank has many international branches especially in south East Asia. In 1983, Citibank’s country manager for Indonesia, Melhi Mistri, was faced with the task of increasing profitability while managing the banks operating capital in line with reviews of its operating budget. He also had the mome

American Ethnic Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Ethnic Literature - Essay Example The relationship between the ethnic and the mainstream is not a static one. Especially in a multiethnic nation like the US, this relationship is continually changing. The relationship between the mainstream and ethnic communities, as well as their literary utterances, always goes through a process of mutual commentary and refashioning. We can apply Trivedi's formulation in defining the phenomenon as a 'transactionas an interactive, dialogic, two-way process rather than a simple active-passive one; as a process involving complex negotiation and exchange'. (Trivedi,1993 p.125) The question of language and literary production is integrally linked to the issue of power and political control and domination. Noted Spanish American author Richard Rodriguez' 'Hunger of Memory' foregrounds this association of language with the centralization of power structure. For Rodriguez, language is a conduit of social power, and the notion of 'public identity' is largely dependant on one's mastery of academic English. Similarly with literature, political domination is closely connected with canon formation. As a result, literature produced by the 'mainstream', following codes of European aesthetics, comes to be accepted as the 'mainstream' literature, or simply 'literature' of America. On the other hand, literary works produced outside the scope of this central literary corpus is designated as 'ethnic literature': the 'margin' to the American 'center'. Long relegated only to the second ranks of literary practice, ethnic literature at present takes a much appreciable position vis--vis what is usually considered to be mainstream literature. An interest towards an understanding of 'ethnic' voices in literature and relocating them within the range of mainstream academic practice has also been observed in the present times. However, this attempt has attracted a certain degree of hostility: a kind of academic hostility that is not an uncommon reaction to the center's attention towards ethnography and ethnic literature. The Chicana/o communities have been prominent in their conflictual engagement with the role and function of 'ethnic' intellectual/ academic identities, as defined by the 'academic' center. Angie Chabran has been particular suspicious of this whole enterprise of 'Chicana/o' studies - stating that it uncritically assists in the anthropoligation of the Chicana/o people. (Chabran 228-47) This attitude is now gaining currency, that ethnic study, in the form of literature or sociology, or within any other academic discipline, is basically a kind of re-instatement of categories rather than an attempt to obliteration. However, on the flip side of hostility, there have also been attempts towards reaching a cultural middle point, towards 'hybridization'. This hybridization has also been brought about by a dynamic relationship between the mainstream and the ethnic literary practices. The aesthetic and the consequent economic dictates of mainstream literary practice has influenced the narrative style and aesthetic stylizations of the ethnic forms. They have retained some of the literary forms that have ethnic roots, but have been adopted to fit the more linear and accepted forms of mainstream li

Chessington History Essay Example for Free

Chessington History Essay Chessington Zoo was opened in July 1931 as a private venture by Reginald Goddard who invited the public to view his private animal collection. After the War Chessington soon became known for the different types of entertainment it could offer:- a circus, a funfair and a miniature railway as well as the zoo. Despite this in the early 1970s the attendance figures of over 800,000 began to decline. The Zoo was in need of further investment. In 1978 the Pearson Group bought Chessington and when they later bought Madame Tussauds, they put all their leisure interests together to form the Tussauds Group. 1981 saw the beginning of the planning for the transformation of Chessington. Six years and i 12m later the Park was ready. It was opened in July 1987 by H. R. H. Prince Edward. The opening coincided with the opening of the M25 which gives easy access to the Park from various parts of the country. Approximately 18m people live within a 2 hour drive of the Park. On 19th October 1998 it was announced that Pearson had sold the Tussauds Group to Charterhouse Development Capital for i 352m. The Tussauds Group Vision and Mission Vision: Entertaining People. Mission: To deliver real growth in profits to take Europes leading entertainment world-wide. The Marketing Department are a small team who work across both Chessington World of Adventures and Thorpe Park. It is the overall responsibility of the Marketing department to ensure that the brand identities of the two Parks are maintained in all communication both on and off the Parks. They do this through first identifying the brand identity, target market, and visual representation of the brand, i. e. the logo. For Chessington the target market is families with children under 12. Each year the marketing department will put together a marketing plan that covers the following areas: Product. Although almost without exception a new attraction is launched each year, and the main launch communication will focus on that, general communication about the rest of the Park is required. Theme Parks provide a whole day out for the family and its not just about the rides. The other attractions, places to eat, games, photography, the atmosphere, all play an important part in delivering a great day out. Pricing. There is a complex pricing structure for the Park which looks to maximise the revenue the Park can achieve with its targeted number of visitors. Marketing will review the pricing each year and along with the finance department look at how the budgeted targets can be achieved through the pricing matrix. Advanced sales are important to the business and for this reason tickets booked in advance are discounted, also those booked via the Internet are further discounted as this is a more efficient way for us to produce the tickets. Advanced tickets reduce the queues at admissions as visitors already have their tickets and can go straight in to the Park. Promotion. Promotion of the Park happens via a number of different communication channels. Advertising. This is generally broken down into two areas, the creative production of the advert and then the choice of where to place that advert, TV, Radio, Press etc. For the year 2002 communication for Chessington will focus on the new attraction, Hocus Pocus Hall. The main creative idea is all based around The New Adventure Starts Here. This new creative idea will be adapted for use on TV, Radio, Press and in Childrens comics, ie The Beano. Promotions. Promotions are very import in incentivising visitors to come to the Park. The incentive is generally either a Buy One get One Free mechanic or a discount off the full adult or child price. Chessington ran promotions on its own or in conjunction with the Tussauds Group, ie Tesco. Promotions can be run with a wide variety of partners, Esso, News of the World, KP Skips or solus via a direct mail campaign to surrounding homes. Public Relations. This area is all about getting positive exposure in the media, TV, Radio and Press. This is generally achieved through issuing Press Releases and conducting interviews with journalists. Measuring the Success. Throughout the year, how the Park is doing against its financial targets is constantly reviewed, but in addition Marketing conducts ongoing research into how the Park is performing on a daily basis. Questionnaires are handed out to visitors as they leave asking them to rank the rides experiences, eating places, how friendly and helpful the staff were, etc. This provides information on where things may be going wrong and how to put them right. New Media is a crucial area for involvement now and in the future. In addition to maintaining its own site: www. chessington. com, the Marketing department looks to exploit other opportunities for advertising, promotions and PR on other sites. Use of agencies. Chessington uses a wide variety of agencies as they bring different areas of expertise and experiences to the department. We use an advertising agency to create the TV, Radio adverts etc. and also for all the design work for the Gate Map. The space for the TV, Radio slots etc  is purchased by a Media Buying agency. We also use a Sales Promotion agency, PR agency and Internet design agencies. Corporate Hospitality makes it possible for businesses to entertain their guests at Chessington World of Adventures. Up to 3 000 corporate guests can be catered for at any one time. Education. An establishment like Chessington World of Adventures offers the opportunity for students studying the leisure industry, business or animals to visit the Park and find out more about their subject. For this reason, it is possible for groups to incorporate an educational talk into their visit. The Zoo enables guests to learn about the wildlife at Chessington World of Adventures. The Marketing Department ensure that the signage for the animals and around the Park are of a high quality and accessible by all the guests. Most often asked marketing questions Q Is the price of a new attraction affected by the viability of the ride? A Careful research is undertaken before a new attraction is bought. The attraction may be put in place to address a gap in guest numbers for a particular age range. The new attraction will encourage that element to visit the Park and therefore increase guest satisfaction.

Doctor-Assisted Suicide and the Hospitals Bottom Line :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia and the Hospitals' Bottom Line      Ã‚   An important factor in debates over health care and treatment strategies is the issue of cost. It is tremendously expensive to provide the state-of-the-art care that the modern hospital offers. Concerns about where the money will come from to care for elderly citizens appear to be making the case for "mercy killing" even more compelling. Under financial pressure, hospitals are exercising their right to deny such expensive healthcare to the aged or seriously ill.    We reserve the right to refuse service: Most people have seen these signs at restaurants and retail shops. But now, metaphorically, some hospitals are hanging such notices over their entryways by promulgating "futile care" protocols that grant doctors the right to say no to wanted life-extending medical treatment to patients whose lives they consider lacking in sufficient quality to justify the cost of care.    Unnoticed by the mainstream press, a disturbing study published in the Fall 2000 issue of the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics reveals how far the futile-care movement, in reality the opening salvo in a planned campaign among medical elites to impose health-care rationing upon us, has already advanced. The authors reviewed futility policies currently in effect in 26 California hospitals. Of these, only one policy provided that "doctors should act to support the patient's life" when life-extending care is wanted. All but two of the hospital policies defined circumstances in which treatments should be considered nonobligatory even if requested by the patient or patient representative. In other words, 24 of the 26 hospitals permit doctors to unilaterally deny wanted life-supporting care.    How is such medical abandonment justified? Advocates of futile-care theory cleverly shift the focus away from the physiological effect provided to the patient and toward whether the patient has the "potential for appreciating the benefit of the treatment." Thus, the Cambridge Quarterly reports that 12 of the 26 hospitals surveyed prohibit treating people diagnosed with permanent unconsciousness (other than comfort care) based on these patients' supposed inability to know they are being treated. Never mind that several medical studies demonstrate that this condition is often wrongly diagnosed (40 percent misdiagnosis according to one British report). And never mind that such patients sometimes awaken unexpectedly, as recent headlines attest. What is most disturbing is that these policies, if enforced, would prevent profoundly brain-damaged and dementia patients from receiving tube-supplied food and water because such care is considered medical treatment.

Potassium Iodide Lab Essay

I. Title: Finding the Formula for Lead Nitrate II. Purpose: This experiment was to test the different concentration levels of specified alkali metals to determine the greatest mass of lead nitrate. III. Background Information: Potassium Iodide Potassium Iodide is a crystallized, white salt but known to turn a bright yellow when exposed to prolonged moisture such as mixing with water. It is a simple iodine salt. In its natural state it is mostly colorless and odorless. If tasted, it would be like saline and extremely bitter and is has a relatively low level of hazard. Its main use is in photography but also used in table salt to â€Å"iodize† food and can be used in expectorants for lung congestion. It can also be used to protect the thyroid from radioactive iodine Potassium iodide IUPAC name Potassium iodide Other names Kalium iodide, knollide, potide Identifiers CAS number [7681-11-0] RTECS number TT2975000 Properties Molecular formula KI Molar mass 166.00 g/mol Lead Nitrate Lead Nitrate is a hazardous colorless crystal or white powder. It has a long history of uses. Until 1974, when the dangers of lead were realized, it was in a variety of products. Lead(II) nitrate IUPAC name Lead(II) nitrate Other names Lead nitrate Plumbous nitrate Lead dinitrate Plumb dulcis Identifiers CAS number [10099-74-8] RTECS number OG2100000 Properties Molecular formula Pb(NO3)2 Molar mass 331.2 g/mol Appearance White odourless solid Density 4.53 g/cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Melting point Decomposes at 290-470 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C Solubility in water 52 g/100 ml (20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) Solubility in nitric acid in ethanol in methanol insoluble 1 g/2500 ml 1 g/75 ml Structure Crystal structure Face-centered cubic Coordination geometry cuboctahedral Hazards MSDS External MSDS EU classification Toxic (T) Dangerous for the environment (N) Repr. 1/3 EU Index 082-001-00-6 NFPA 704 0 3 3 OX R-phrases R61, R20/22, R33, R62, R50/53 S-phrases S53, S45, S60, S61 Flash point Non-flammable Related compounds Other anions Lead(II) chromate Lead(II) sulfide Other cations Sodium nitrate Magnesium nitrate IV. Materials: * Electronic scale * Lead Nitrate * Potassium Iodide * Beaker * Graduated Cylinder * Funnel * Filter paper * Pipettes * Water V. Procedures: 1. Materials were gathered and then specific concentration ratio was received (water:solute 1:9) 2. Cylinder was filled with 100 milliliters of lead iodide *Graduated Cylinder is hydrophobic *Caution: Be sure of precise readings by measuring at the appropriate part of the miniscus 3. Cylinder was filled with 900 milliliters of KI 4. The solution was gently shaken to ensure even distribution of solute to solvent 5. Solution was then transferred to filter paper *Two filter papers were used for double filtration 6. The filter paper was put into a funnel of a beaker to the solution would separate VI. Data: a) mass of filter papers: b) mass of lead iodide: 3rd period 4th period 1:9 2:8 3:7 4:6 5:5 6:4 7:3 8:2 9:1 c) molar mass of KI: 165.998 g/mol d) molar mass of Pb(NO2)3: 331.268 g/mol e) calculation for determining molarity for each solution based on 1,000 ml: 200 ml/1000 ml x .5 ml = .1 ml f) observations: The two liquids started to both appear clear. After combined, it almost instantly turned to a neon yellow. While filtering, a colorless liquid seeped through while the yellow precipitate clung to the filter paper. There was little water in the flask but over half the filter paper had been covered in neon yellow. e) cautions: One must ensure to Read the meniscus at the proper point Use a plastic graduated cylinder for elimination of meniscus Measure by getting down at eye level Carefully take proper measurements Use two filter papers for double filtration Zero the scale after first weighing the filter paper Use an electronic scale for accuracy Product enhancements to minimize error Digital scale Pipette’s measurements to allow a few drops of solution to be retained Plastic graduated cylinders for no confusion figure 1: rinsing setup figure 2: Pipette dispensing of liquids figure 3: filtering apparatus VII. Analysis The lab performed was found to be an effective way of discerning the formulation of lead nitrate and potassium iodide’s precipitate and use the chemical formula to understand the reaction. The formula is as follows: KI + Pb(NO3)2 –> PbI + K(NO3)2. Potassium Iodide and Lead Nitrate yield Lead Iodide and Potassium Nitrate. The reaction taking place is known to be a double replacement. The two compounds split and then combine with the counterparts. The PbI remains in the solution and the K(NO3)2 forms the precipitate. The purpose of the experiment was to find which combination of concentrations would consequently have the greatest impact on the mass of the Lead Iodide. It was found that when the concentrations of each are 5:5, the filtration leaves a substantial amount of the liquid and the yellow precipitate known as lead iodide is at the peak of the masses. The interesting part of the experiment is that it was far from expected results. It was conducted by three classes and the data varied across the chart. The last test group was not able to be used because of the inconsistency in which the obtained measurements compared to those of the rest of the tests. Therefore, only two classes were compared. The 4th period was seen to be the most accurate. The first two measurements, those of 1:9 and 2:8 varied greatly. The following masses compared were similar yet period 3 were all a little lower until the last concentration level measurements which were almost exactly the same The mistakes prevalent in the lab are not due to the experiment itself. Rather, it is human error that can be held accountable for the drastic differences. One of the reasons is improper measuring and mixing to begin. The students may not have gone to eye level to read each mark carefully to ensure only the most exact measurements. Also, the pipette is made of glass. This calls for the meniscus to be read properly or else the measurements will be off. To avoid confusion of the meniscus with graduated cylinders, plastic would be most appropriate. Luckily, these are hydrophobic and without a meniscus, they are simple to read. If glass was used, then it would leave open some opportunities for mistakes. With the pipettes, there could have easily been bubbles. The bubbles would take up space where the liquid should be for precise measuring. If twisted the wrong way, it would be easy for air to get trapped and cause these pockets. The pipettes however are carefully crafted so that the markings are a little above where they should be. Taking that into consideration, the room for error in not allowing all the water to drip out of the pipette, if done properly, is eliminated. Another space for error is the filter papers. Some of them were larger than the others. This can distort the results. The same filter paper should be used for all of those participating in the tests. The papers also varied in thickness. Others used only one paper, allowing too much precipitate through, and others used more than two. This allows the paper to absorb too much liquid instead of filtering it all the way through. An additional problem is evaporation. Leaving the filtration apparatus uncovered could allow gradual evaporation. Quite oppositely, the humidity in the room could also cause tampering with the solution. With the weather changes, the temperature of the lab was not held at a constant. One day it was heated the next was at a very cool temperature. This could easily have an effect on the experiment. All these reasons could have a great deal in the variety of results. The experiment would need to be performed again to accurately portray the data. Human error would need to be nonexistent VII. Conclusion As previously stated, the results of the experiment were not all in agreement. The different classes obtained various results. This can be due to human error. After realizing the effects on the reaction taking place, it was also discernable how concentration can easily affect the combination. However valuable knowledge on the formation of lead iodide was gained from this lab and the purpose was successfully completed.

Effective Business Letter Essay

Did you know that in 1999 that two babies died after suffocating on plastic Pokemon balls that their parents got from Burger King? Furthermore, three children choked on â€Å"Scooter Bugs† that were given out at McDonalds. How would you feel if your child was injured due to the fact that your company had not pretested the safety of a toy? Many toys that are given out to toddlers are really meant for older children. In addition, many of these toys are produced cheaply overseas, and often small parts break off and they become serious choking hazards. According to statistics, Burger King distributes nearly 100 million toys annually to children; McDonald’s gives away 1.5 billion worldwide. This entire industry accounts for one-third of all toys distributed in the United States. Millions of them have been recalled after children were hurt. Industry leaders such as, Burger King and McDonald’s, now recognize that protecting child safety is to their advantage. Fortunately, Burger King now uses safety tests before, during, and after manufacturing to catch any hazards in advance. Furthermore, McDonalds’s has developed a testing doll with artificial lungs to check for suffocation risks called the â€Å"McBaby.† We want other fast food restaurants to follow their lead and start checking toys before distribution. McDonald’s has loaned the â€Å"McBaby† to our department so that other fast food vendors will participate in child protection. We would be more than happy to demonstrate how this baby works and how to invent a device similar to this. Please contact Melissa Gardner at 1-800-777-2233 to set up a time for us to come directly to your restaurant and do a presentation for you. Please help to keep our children safe. We look forward to hearing from you.   

Free Essays on The Oration On The Dignity Of Man

Oration-Essay The hand-out, â€Å"Oration on the Dignity of Man†, brings up various and many key points which relate to the ideas and beliefs of the Renaissance period. The article itself expresses Pico’s idea that an individual is limited only by his own visions and is not just a part of the early idea that; man has a sense of natural helplessness. The humanists during the Renaissance period were centered around the new era of art, architecture, and a new way of thought. This new way of thought was implemented during the beginning of the Renaissance period. The Renaissance itself was a time where the people wanted to get re-focused on themselves and their center thought on the human capacity. The period was suppose to open up the idea that you can control what you become, as well as what you are now. The people of the Renaissance strove more to be an individual and stray from the idea that everyone was the same. Individualism during the time before was never a factor. No other cultures had a way of thinking for themselves. The Oration exposes these people to his achievable ideas that man has no limits and should strive to be divine. In also saying that, Pico sends forth the idea that although the â€Å"supreme maker† could give each person the ability to reach goals equally, he could not give each the same results. By expressing that idea the article gives us a sense of competition and for those people to question the unknown. The Renaissance idea of secularism and humanism, made up the who idea of the Renaissance. The idea of humanism caused a disruption with that of religion. Humanists, including Pico, explored the idea of secularism as separate. Humanism deals with the spirituality of a single individuals beliefs. Pico’s article clearly helps us to arrive at that idea by his tone in saying that god created all equal with the same â€Å"intelligence’s†, but it all depended upon the... Free Essays on The Oration On The Dignity Of Man Free Essays on The Oration On The Dignity Of Man Oration-Essay The hand-out, â€Å"Oration on the Dignity of Man†, brings up various and many key points which relate to the ideas and beliefs of the Renaissance period. The article itself expresses Pico’s idea that an individual is limited only by his own visions and is not just a part of the early idea that; man has a sense of natural helplessness. The humanists during the Renaissance period were centered around the new era of art, architecture, and a new way of thought. This new way of thought was implemented during the beginning of the Renaissance period. The Renaissance itself was a time where the people wanted to get re-focused on themselves and their center thought on the human capacity. The period was suppose to open up the idea that you can control what you become, as well as what you are now. The people of the Renaissance strove more to be an individual and stray from the idea that everyone was the same. Individualism during the time before was never a factor. No other cultures had a way of thinking for themselves. The Oration exposes these people to his achievable ideas that man has no limits and should strive to be divine. In also saying that, Pico sends forth the idea that although the â€Å"supreme maker† could give each person the ability to reach goals equally, he could not give each the same results. By expressing that idea the article gives us a sense of competition and for those people to question the unknown. The Renaissance idea of secularism and humanism, made up the who idea of the Renaissance. The idea of humanism caused a disruption with that of religion. Humanists, including Pico, explored the idea of secularism as separate. Humanism deals with the spirituality of a single individuals beliefs. Pico’s article clearly helps us to arrive at that idea by his tone in saying that god created all equal with the same â€Å"intelligence’s†, but it all depended upon the...

Yaxchilan - Classic Maya City-State in Mexico

Yaxchilan - Classic Maya City-State in Mexico Yaxchiln is a Classic period Maya site located on the riverbank of the Usamacinta river that borders the two modern countries of Guatemala and Mexico. The site lies within a horseshoe meander on the Mexican side of the river and today the site can only be reached by boat. Yaxchiln was founded in the 5th century AD and reached its maximum splendor in the 8th century AD. Famous for its more than 130 stone monuments, among which include carved lintels and stelae depicting images of royal life, the site also represents one of the most elegant examples of classic Maya architecture. Yaxchiln and Piedras Negras There are many extant and legible inscriptions in Maya hieroglyphs at Yaxchilan, which provide us a nearly unique glimpse into the political history of Maya city-states. At Yaxchilan, for most Late Classic rulers we have dates associated with their births, accessions, battles, and ceremonial activities, as well as their ancestors, descendants, and other kinsmen and companions. Those inscriptions also allude to an ongoing conflict with its neighbor Piedras Negra, located on the Guatemalan side of the Usumacinta, 40 kilometers (25 miles) upriver from Yaxchilan. Charles Gordon and colleagues from the Proyecto Paisaje Piedras Negras-Yaxchilan have combined archaeological data with information from the inscriptions at both Yaxchilan and Piedras Negras, compiling a political history of the intertwined and competing Maya city-states. Early Classic 350-600 AD: Both communities began as small cities during the Early Classic in the 5th and 6th centuries AD, when their royal dynasties were established. As early as the 5th century, a neutral zone existed between Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan that was not controlled by either polity; and warfare was limited to a few, unusual episodes of direct conflict.Late Classic 600-810 AD: During the Late Classic, the neutral zone was repopulated and transformed into a contested frontier. Warfare was most frequent in the 8th century AD  and involved the governors of secondary and tertiary centers loyal to each combatant.Between the 7th and 8th centuries AD, Yaxchiln gained power and independence under the rulers Itzamnaaj B’alam II and his son Bird Jaguar IV. Those rulers extended their dominion over other nearby sites and started an ambitious construction program that included most of what is visible on at Yaxchilan today. At about 808, Piedras Negras lost its ruler to Ya xchilan; but that victory was brief. Terminal Classic 810-950 AD: By 810, both polities were in decline and by AD 930, the region was essentially depopulated. Site Layout Visitors arriving at Yaxchiln for the first time will be mesmerized by the tortuous, dark passageway known as â€Å"the Labyrinth† leading into the main plaza, framed by some of the most important buildings of the site. Yaxchiln is made up of three major complexes: the Central Acropolis, the South Acropolis, and the West Acropolis. The site is built over a high terrace facing the Usumacinta river on the north and extending beyond there into the hills of the Maya lowlands. Main Buildings The heart of Yaxchilan is called the Central Acropolis, which overlooks the main plaza. Here the main buildings are several temples, two ballcourts, and one of the two hieroglyphic stairways. Located in the central acropolis, Structure 33 represents the apex of Yaxchiln architecture and its Classic development. The temple was probably constructed by the ruler Bird Jaguar IV or dedicated to him by his son. The temple, a large room with three doorways decorated with stucco motifs, overlooks the main plaza and stands on an excellent observation point for the river. The real masterpiece of this building is its nearly intact roof, with a high crest or roof comb, a frieze, and niches. The second hieroglyphic stairway leads to the front of this structure. Temple 44 is the main building of the West Acropolis. It was constructed by Itzamnaaj B’alam II around 730 AD to commemorate his military victories. It is decorated with stone panels depicting his war captives. Temple 23 and its Lintels Temple 23  is located on the southern side of the main plaza of Yaxchilan, and it was built about AD 726 and dedicated by the ruler Itzamnaaj B’alam III (also known as Shield Jaguar the Great) [ruled 681-742 AD] to his principal wife Lady K’abal Xook. The single-room structure has three doorways each bearing carved lintels, known as Lintels 24, 25, and 26. A lintel is the load-bearing stone at the top of a doorway, and its massive size and location led the Maya (and other civilizations) to use it as a place to exhibit their skill at decorative carving. Temple 23s lintels were rediscovered in 1886 by the British explorer Alfred Maudslay, who had the lintels cut out of the temple and sent to the British Museum where they are now located. These three pieces are almost unanimously considered among the finest stone reliefs of the entire Maya region. Recent excavations by the Mexican archaeologist Roberto Garcia Moll identified two burials under the temple floor: one of an aged woman, accompanied by a rich offering; and the second of an old man, accompanied by an even richer one. These are believed to be Itzamnaaj Balam III and one of his other wives; Lady Xooks tomb is thought to be in the adjacent Temple 24, because it features an inscription recording the queens death in AD 749. Lintel 24 Lintel 24 is the easternmost of three door lintels above the doorways in Temple 23, and it features a scene of the Maya bloodletting ritual performed by Lady Xook, which took place, according to the accompanying hieroglyphic text, in October of 709 AD. The king Itzamnaaj Balam III is holding a torch above his queen who is kneeling in front of him, suggesting that the ritual is taking place at night or in a dark, secluded room of the temple. Lady Xook is passing a rope through her tongue, after having pierced it with a stingray spine, and her blood is dripping onto bark paper in a basket. The textiles, headdresses and royal accessories are extremely elegant, suggesting the high status of the personages. The finely carved stone relief emphasizes the elegance of the woven cape worn by the queen. The king wears a pendant around his neck portraying the sun god and a severed head, probably of a war captive, adorns his headdress. Archaeological Investigations Yaxchiln was rediscovered by explorers in the 19th century. The famous English and French explorers Alfred Maudslay and Desirà © Charnay visited the ruins of Yaxchilan at the same time and reported their findings to different institutions. Maudslay also made the fist map of the site. Other important explorers and, later on, archaeologists that worked at Yaxchiln were Tebert Maler, Ian Graham, Sylvanus Morely, and, recently, Roberto Garcia Moll. In the 1930s, Tatiana Proskouriakoff studied the epigraphy of Yaxchilan, and on that basis built a history of the site, including a sequence of the rulers, still relied on today. Sources Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Golden C, and Scherer A. 2013. Territory, trust, growth, and collapse in Classic period Maya kingdoms. Current Anthropology 54(4):397-435.Golden C, Scherer AK, Muà ±oz AR, and Vasquez R. 2008. Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan: Divergent Political Trajectories in Adjacent Maya Polities. Latin American Antiquity 19(3):249-274.Golden CW, Scherer AK, and Muà ±oz AR. 2005. Exploring the Piedras Negras- Yaxchilan Border Zone: Archaeological Investigations in the Sierra del Lacandon, 2004. Mexicon 27(1):11-16.Josserand JK. 2007. The Missing Heir at Yaxchiln: Literary Analysis of a Maya Historical Puzzle. Latin American Antiquity 18(3):295-312.Miller M, and Martin S. 2004. Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco and Thames and Hudson.ONeil ME. 2011. Object, memory, and materiality at Yaxchilan: The reset lintels of Structures 12 and 22. Ancient Mesoamerica 22(02):245-269.Simon, M, and Grube N. 2000, Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. Thames Hudson, London and New York. Tate C. 1992, Yaxchilan: The Design of a Maya Ceremonial City. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Strategic Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Plan - Assignment Example External analysis of global car industry: [On the basis of MACRO (PESTEL) Analysis] (for reference see Appendix-1) The auto industry is often thought of as one of the most global of all industries. Car industry is experiencing rapid changes with globalization (Carson, 2004). Rapid changes are also altering the industry structure and attractiveness. The emerging markets include Latin America (Mainly Brazil), ASEAN countries, Eastern Europe, China and India. The fast growing emerging markets taken together, increased vehicle sales by 70-80% and production by almost 80-90%(Auto Industry Statistics). Car sales growth rate in US is around 3.5%, in Western Europe around 2.5% and in Japan around 1.5% while in China it is almost 9%. Globally the total car industry employment is predicated to reach 4.8 million by 2015. It is estimated that global car industry revenue reach 903 billion Euros by 2015. So the car industry has been focused on the potential of the emerging markets to offset the in dustries maturity and stagnation in the Triad economics of scale and spread the costs of developing new models. One of the main features of car industry experiencing is, manufacturers extending their operations in developing countries. For global producers, rapidly growing markets in developing countries were meant to provide for spreading vehicle development costs; for establishing cheap production sites for the production of selected vehicles and components; and for access to new markets for higher end vehicles. "Corporate strategies in regard to globalization vary depending on the starting point of individual firms, but there seems to be a large measure of convergence toward 1) building vehicles where they are sold, 2) designing vehicles with common 'global' under-body Platforms while retaining the ability to adapt bodies, trim levels and ride characteristics to a wide range of local conditions" (Sturgeon and Florida, 1999). Now we are going to analyze in short, different strategic tools, which are available to analyze global car industry. The strategic tools and different analysis techniques that we used to critically analyze the industry are: Macro environment: PESTEL analysis Industry: Porter's five forces Strategic groups and Cognitive map Key Factors for Success Marketplace: Market Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning Telescopic Observation Matrix Political forces as well as WTO regime plays major role in opening of the markets for foreign players. Change in the regulations of the market due to governments policies, foreign direct investment increased and also funds started to flow towards developing countries to establish new manufacturing plants. Due to these political and economical changes North American & European manufacturers opened new plants in Eastern Europe, Asia and South

Critical Analysis of Two Short Stories Walkers Everyday Use and Strong Essay

Critical Analysis of Two Short Stories Walkers Everyday Use and Strong Horse Tea - Essay Example â€Å"Strong Horse Tea† is a story revolving around Rannie Toomer, a single black mother of a baby boy named Snooks. She struggles to keep herself composed in the most difficult of situations which primarily involves the health of her son who is extremely ill but, no doctor would attend to his needs. She patiently waits for any kind of help from the doctors and refuses all sorts of home remedies or magic to heal her son because she does not believe in such notions proposed by her neighbor. She ignores the fact that the doctors are not willing to give her an appointment because of her color and, this represents her strength of self-worthiness and her capability of rising above the mundane. Hence, when Sarah, an old black woman, attempts to convince Rannie of using home remedies to heal her son, she blatantly declines her offer. Rannie remains fearless and independent with regard to her decision for seeking help from the modern facilities in the midst of the traditional methods her black community still revered. To split away from her own tradition was a courageous move she taken by Rannie. In the story â€Å"Everyday Use†, the situation is more or less the same but, what Mama’s eldest child Dee undergoes is a rebellious identity crisis. She is sent away from home for educational purposes but she realizes how little she knows about her own heritage. She renames herself Wangero which is an African name. She believes in a new optimistic, Americanized world for the blacks, which is not her fault. She was sent away from home and indirectly away from her own tradition. This, however, was not Mama’s intention. She sent her away so that she could receive the best education and also because Mama feared that she and Maggie would not be able to tolerate each other. When she arrives home on vacation she accompanies a boyfriend Hakim who